Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Rollins-Smith, Louise A
• Reinert, Laura K
• Le Sage, Mitchell
• Linney, Kaitlyn N
• Gillard, Bria M
• Umile, Thomas P
• Minbiole, Kevin P C
• Noverr, Mairi C
• Noverr, Mairi C.

Titel

Lymphocyte Inhibition by the Salamander-Killing Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

Ist Teil von

• Infection and immunity, 2022-03, Vol.90 (3), p.e0002022-e0002022

Ort / Verlag

United States: American Society for Microbiology

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Amphibian populations have been declining around the world for more than five decades, and the losses continue. Although causes are complex, major contributors to these declines are two chytrid fungi, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, which both cause the disease termed chytridiomycosis. Previously, we showed that B. dendrobatidis impedes amphibian defenses by directly inhibiting lymphocytes and by release of soluble metabolites, including kynurenine (KYN), methylthioadenosine (MTA), and spermidine (SPD). Here, we show that B. salamandrivorans cells and cell-free supernatants also inhibit amphibian lymphocytes as well as a human T cell line. As we have shown for B. dendrobatidis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry revealed that KYN, MTA, and SPD are key metabolites found in the B. salamandrivorans supernatants. Production of inhibitory factors by B. salamandrivorans is limited to mature zoosporangia and can occur over a range of temperatures between 16°C and 26°C. Taken together, these results suggest that both pathogenic fungi have evolved similar mechanisms to inhibit lymphocytes in order to evade clearance by the amphibian immune system.