Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Kaushik, Deepender
• Granato, Juliana T
• Macedo, Gilson C
• Dib, Paula R B
• Piplani, Sakshi
• Fung, Johnson
• da Silva, Adilson D
• Coimbra, Elaine S
• Petrovsky, Nikolai
• Salunke, Deepak B

Titel

Toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist kill Leishmania amazonensis by acting as pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory agent

Ist Teil von

• Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2021-08, Vol.73 (9), p.1180-1190

Ort / Verlag

England: Oxford University Press

Erscheinungsjahr

2021

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Evaluation of the anti-Leishmanial activity of imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonists. TLR7/8-active imidazoquinolines (2 and 3) were synthesized and assessed for activity against Leishmania amazonensis-intracellular amastigotes using mouse peritoneal macrophages. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines was determined in infected and non-infected macrophages. The imidazoquinolines, 2 and 3, were primarily agonists of TLR7 with compound 3 also showing modest TLR8 activity. Docking studies showed them to occupy the same binding pocket on TLR7 and 8 as the known agonists, imiquimod and resiquimod. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the growth of L. amazonensis-intracellular amastigotes with the most potent compound (3, IC50 = 5.93 µM) having an IC50 value close to miltefosine (IC50 = 4.05 µM), a known anti-Leishmanial drug. Compound 3 induced macrophages to produce ROS, NO and inflammatory cytokines that likely explain the anti-Leishmanial effects. This study shows that activating TLR7 using compounds 2 or 3 induces anti-Leishmanial activity associated with induction of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines able to kill the parasites. While 2 and 3 had a very narrow cytotoxicity window for macrophages, this identifies the possibility to further develop this chemical scaffold to less cytotoxic TLR7/8 agonist for potential use as anti-Leishmanial drug.