Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Andra, Syam S.
• Charisiadis, Pantelis
• Arora, Manish
• van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.
• Makris, Konstantinos C.

Titel

Biomonitoring of human exposures to chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of bisphenol A

Ist Teil von

• Environment international, 2015-12, Vol.85, p.352-379

Ort / Verlag

Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2015

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The high reactivity of bisphenol A (BPA) with disinfectant chlorine is evident in the instantaneous formation of chlorinated BPA derivatives (ClxBPA) in various environmental media that show increased estrogen-activity when compared with that of BPA. The documented health risks associated with BPA exposures have led to the gradual market entry of BPA structural analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), etc. A suite of exposure sources to ClxBPA and BPA analogs in the domestic environment is anticipated to drive the nature and range of halogenated BPA derivatives that can form when residual BPA comes in contact with disinfectant in tap water and/or consumer products. The primary objective of this review was to survey all available studies reporting biomonitoring protocols of ClxBPA and structural BPA analogs (BPS, BPF, BPB, etc.) in human matrices. Focus was paid on describing the analytical methodologies practiced for the analysis of ClxBPA and BPA analogs using hyphenated chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques, because current methodologies for human matrices are complex. During the last decade, an increasing number of ecotoxicological, cell-culture and animal-based and human studies dealing with ClxBPA exposure sources and routes of exposure, metabolism and toxicity have been published. Up to date findings indicated the association of ClxBPA with metabolic conditions, such as obesity, lipid accumulation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. We critically discuss the limitations, research needs and future opportunities linked with the inclusion of ClxBPA and BPA analogs into exposure assessment protocols of relevant epidemiological studies. •Humans are widely exposed to chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of bisphenol A (BPA).•Reported analytical methods and concentrations of BPA derivatives and analogs in human matrices are reviewed.•Levels and distribution of chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of BPA vary by human bio-matrix.•Research on human pharmacokinetics is needed that includes conjugated metabolites of BPA derivatives and analogs, if present.•Developing methods for the simultaneous determination of BPA derivatives and analogs of BPA and conjugates mixture is useful.