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The
Phyllanthus
genus is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and present several pharmacological applications. Drought is a restrictive factor for crop development and production, and is becoming a severe problem in many regions of the world. The species
Phyllanthus amarus
and
Phyllanthus niruri
were subjected to drought stress for varying periods of time (0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days), and afterwards, leaves were collected and evaluated for physiological and biochemical responses, such as oxidative stress markers and drought-associated defense mechanisms. Results show that
P. amarus
has an endogenously higher level of variables of the oxidative/antioxidant metabolism, and
P. niruri
presents the most significant changes in those variables when compared to control and stressed plants. For both
Phyllanthus
species, drought stress induces higher levels of organic acids such as malic, succinic, and citric acids, and amino acids such as proline, GABA, alanine, and valine. Moreover,
P. niruri
plants respond with greater glucose and corilagin contents. Therefore, considering the evaluated metabolic changes,
P. amarus
is better adapted to drought-stress, while
P. niruri
presents an acclimation strategy that increases the corilagin levels induced by short-term drought stress.