Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Doan, Thuy
• Arzika, Ahmed M.
• Ray, Kathryn J.
• Cotter, Sun Y.
• Kim, Jessica
• Maliki, Ramatou
• Zhong, Lina
• Zhou, Zhaoxia
• Porco, Travis C.
• Vanderschelden, Benjamin
• Keenan, Jeremy D.
• Lietman, Thomas M.

Titel

Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ist Teil von

• Clinical infectious diseases, 2017-05, Vol.64 (9), p.1147-1153

Ort / Verlag

United States: Oxford University Press

Erscheinungsjahr

2017

Quelle

Oxford Journals 2020 Medicine

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Background. Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger. Methods. A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1–60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified outcome was α-diversity (inverse Simpson's α-diversity index), with secondary outcomes of β and γ Simpson's and Shannon's diversities. Results. At 5 days after treatment, 40 children aged 1–60 months were analyzed in the azithromycin-treated group and 40 children in the placebo-treated group. Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the treated group (inverse Simpson's α-diversity, 5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.08–6.14) than in the placebo group (6.91; 95% CI, 5.82–8.21; P = .03). Similarly, the Shannon's α-diversity was lower in the treated group (10.60; 95% CI, 8.82–12.36) than the placebo group (15.42; 95% CI, 13.24–17.80; P = .004). Simpson's community-level (γ) diversity decreased with azithromycin exposure from 17.72 (95% CI, 13.80–20.21) to 10.10 (95% CI, 7.80–11.40; P = .00008), although β-diversity was not significantly reduced (2.56, 95% CI, 1.88–3.12; to 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46–2.51; P = .26). Conclusions. Oral administration of azithromycin definitively decreases the diversity of the gut microbiome of children in an antibiotic-naive community. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02048007.