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Elizabeth Perlman and colleagues use genome-wide sequencing, RNA expression, DNA copy number and methylation analyses to characterize the genomic landscape of Wilms tumors. Their integrated analyses implicate two major classes of genetic changes in Wilms tumors that preserve the progenitor state and/or interrupt normal kidney development.
We performed genome-wide sequencing and analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression, DNA copy number, and DNA methylation in 117 Wilms tumors, followed by targeted sequencing of 651 Wilms tumors. In addition to genes previously implicated in Wilms tumors (
WT1
,
CTNNB1
,
AMER1
,
DROSHA
,
DGCR8
,
XPO5
,
DICER1
,
SIX1
,
SIX2
,
MLLT1
,
MYCN
, and
TP53
), we identified mutations in genes not previously recognized as recurrently involved in Wilms tumors, the most frequent being
BCOR
,
BCORL1
,
NONO
,
MAX
,
COL6A3
,
ASXL1
,
MAP3K4
, and
ARID1A.
DNA copy number changes resulted in recurrent 1q gain,
MYCN
amplification,
LIN28B
gain, and
MIRLET7A
loss. Unexpected germline variants involved
PALB2
and
CHEK2.
Integrated analyses support two major classes of genetic changes that preserve the progenitor state and/or interrupt normal development.