Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Mao, Xinpei
• Xu, Jiadi
• Cui, Honggang

Titel

Functional nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging

Ist Teil von

• Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology, 2016-11, Vol.8 (6), p.814-841

Ort / Verlag

Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Nanoparticle‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have received much attention over the past decade. By virtue of a high payload of magnetic moieties, enhanced accumulation at disease sites, and a large surface area for additional modification with targeting ligands, nanoparticle‐based contrast agents offer promising new platforms to further enhance the high resolution and sensitivity of MRI for various biomedical applications. T 2* superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) first demonstrated superior improvement on MRI sensitivity. The prevailing SPION attracted growing interest in the development of refined nanoscale versions of MRI contrast agents. Afterwards, T 1‐based contrast agents were developed, and became the most studied subject in MRI due to the positive contrast they provide that avoids the susceptibility associated with MRI signal reduction. Recently, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents have emerged and rapidly gained popularity. The unique aspect of CEST contrast agents is that their contrast can be selectively turned ‘on’ and ‘off’ by radiofrequency saturation. Their performance can be further enhanced by incorporating a large number of exchangeable protons into well‐defined nanostructures. Besides activatable CEST contrast agents, there is growing interest in developing nanoparticle‐based activatable MRI contrast agents responsive to stimuli (pH, enzyme, etc.), which improves sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the recent development of various types of nanoparticle‐based MRI contrast agents, and have focused our discussions on the key advantages of introducing nanoparticles in MRI. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:814–841. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1400 This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology