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Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009
Ist Teil von
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2016-06, Vol.100 (12), p.5273-5287
Ort / Verlag
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erscheinungsjahr
2016
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
The genus
Listeria
is currently comprised of 17 species, including 9
Listeria
species newly described since 2009. Genomic and phenotypic data clearly define a distinct group of six species (
Listeria
sensu strictu) that share common phenotypic characteristics (e.g., ability to grow at low temperature, flagellar motility); this group includes the pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
. The other 11 species (
Listeria
sensu lato) represent three distinct monophyletic groups, which may warrant recognition as separate genera. These three proposed genera do not contain pathogens, are non-motile (except for
Listeria grayi
), are able to reduce nitrate (except for
Listeria floridensis
), and are negative for the Voges-Proskauer test (except for
L. grayi
). Unlike all other
Listeria
species, species in the proposed new genus
Mesolisteria
are not able to grow below 7 °C. While most new
Listeria
species have only been identified in a few countries, the availability of molecular tools for rapid characterization of putative
Listeria
isolates will likely lead to future identification of isolates representing these new species from different sources. Identification of
Listeria
sensu lato isolates has not only allowed for a better understanding of the evolution of
Listeria
and virulence characteristics in
Listeria
but also has practical implications as detection of
Listeria
species is often used by the food industry as a marker to detect conditions that allow for presence, growth, and persistence of
L. monocytogenes
. This review will provide a comprehensive critical summary of our current understanding of the characteristics and distribution of the new
Listeria
species with a focus on
Listeria
sensu lato.