Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• North, Teri-Louise
• Palmer, Tom M
• Lewis, Sarah J
• Cooper, Rachel
• Power, Chris
• Pattie, Alison
• Starr, John M
• Deary, Ian J
• Martin, Richard M
• Aihie Sayer, Avan
• Kumari, Meena
• Cooper, Cyrus
• Kivimaki, Mika
• Kuh, Diana
• Ben-Shlomo, Yoav
• Day, Ian N M

Titel

Effect of smoking on physical and cognitive capability in later life: a multicohort study using observational and genetic approaches

Ist Teil von

• BMJ open, 2015-12, Vol.5 (12), p.e008393-e008393

Ort / Verlag

England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD

Erscheinungsjahr

2015

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• ObjectivesThe observed associations between smoking and functional measures at older ages are vulnerable to bias and confounding. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genotype as an instrumental variable to estimate unconfounded causal associations. We conducted a meta-analysis of the observational associations and implemented an MR approach using the smoking-related single nucleotide polymorphism rs16969968 to explore their causal nature.Setting9 British cohorts belonging to the HALCyon collaboration.ParticipantsIndividual participant data on N=26 692 individuals of European ancestry (N from earliest phase analysed per study) of mean ages 50–79 years were available for inclusion in observational meta-analyses of the primary outcomes.Primary outcomesPhysical capability, cognitive capability and cognitive decline. The smoking exposures were cigarettes per day, current versus ex-smoker, current versus never smoker and ever versus never smoker.ResultsIn observational analyses current and ever smoking were generally associated with poorer physical and cognitive capability. For example, current smokers had a general fluid cognition score which was 0.17 z-score units (95% CI −0.221 to −0.124) lower than ex-smokers in cross-sectional analyses. Current smokers had a walk speed which was 0.25 z-score units lower than never smokers (95% CI −0.338 to −0.170). An MR instrumental variable approach for current versus ex-smoker and number of cigarettes smoked per day produced CIs which neither confirmed nor refuted the observational estimates. The number of genetic associations stratified by smoking status were consistent with type I error.ConclusionsOur observational analysis supports the hypothesis that smoking is detrimental to physical and cognitive capability. Further studies are needed for a suitably powered MR approach.