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[...]AF consists of heterogeneous electromechanical remodelling of the atria in a concealed phase, which is followed by presentation due to an initiating trigger. In heart failure patients with an intraventricular conduction delay, for example, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (via intervention using electrical devices) is successfully used to reverse initial cardiac remodelling caused by altered activation [4]. Curative treatment of the remodelled substrate in AF will not only support the immediate (but often short-lasting) success that cardioversion or ablation therapy have, but it also has the potential to prevent and reverse AF development, maintenance, and progression on the longer term and thereby significantly reduce the AF burden for patients and society.