Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Crouse, Dan L.
• Peters, Paul A.
• van Donkelaar, Aaron
• Goldberg, Mark S.
• Villeneuve, Paul J.
• Brion, Orly
• Khan, Saeeda
• Atari, Dominic Odwa
• Jerrett, Michael
• Pope, C. Arden
• Brauer, Michael
• Brook, Jeffrey R.
• Martin, Randall V.
• Stieb, David
• Burnett, Richard T.

Titel

Risk of Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in Relation to Long-term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter: A Canadian National-Level Cohort Study

Ist Teil von

• Environmental health perspectives, 2012-05, Vol.120 (5), p.708-714

Ort / Verlag

Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Erscheinungsjahr

2012

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Background: Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₂.₅)]. This is the first national-level cohort study to investigate these risks in Canada. Objective: We investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM₂.₅ and cardiovascular mortality in nonimmigrant Canadian adults. Methods: We assigned estimates of exposure to ambient PM₂.₅ derived from satellite observations to a cohort of 2.1 million Canadian adults who in 1991 were among the 20% of the population mandated to provide detailed census data. We identified deaths occurring between 1991 and 2001 through record linkage. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for available individual-level and contextual covariates using both standard Cox proportional survival models and nested, spatial random-effects survival models. Results: Using standard Cox models, we calculated HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.16) from nonaccidental causes and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.35) from ischemic heart disease for each 10-μg/m³ increase in concentrations of PM₂.₅. Using spatial random-effects models controlling for the same variables, we calculated HRs of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.43), respectively.We found similar associations between nonaccidental mortality and PM₂.₅ based on satellite-derived estimates and ground-based measurements in a subanalysis of subjects in 11 cities. Conclusions: In this large national cohort of nonimmigrant Canadians, mortality was associated with long-term exposure to PM₂.₅. Associations were observed with exposures to PM₂.₅ at concentrations that were predominantly lower (mean, 8.7 μg/m³; interquartile range, 6.2 μg/m³) than those reported previously.