Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Women of Reproductive Age in Cuba and Associated Factors
2023
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- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Women of Reproductive Age in Cuba and Associated Factors
- Ist Teil von
- International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023-03, Vol.20 (6), p.5110
- Ort / Verlag
- Switzerland: MDPI AG
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2023
- Quelle
- Open access e-journals list
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in women of reproductive age and the association with inflammation, global overweight, adiposity, and menorrhagia. A sample design of women of reproductive age from the Eastern, Central, and Havana Regions was carried out. Biochemical determinations of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors, leukocytes, C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and homocysteine were performed. Serum ferritin was also adjusted by inflammation. Nutritional status was assessed, and menstrual characteristics were collected by survey. A total of 742 women were studied. The prevalence of anemia was 21.4%, iron storage deficiency at 16.0%, and erythropoietic dysfunction at 5.4%, with inflammation at 47.0% and elevated homocysteine at 18.6%. Global overweight was 46.2% and increased adiposity at 58.4%. Anemia is associated with iron deposition deficiency (OR = 3.023 (1.816-5.033)) and with erythropoietic deficiency (OR = 5.62 (3.03-10.39)), but not with inflammation, global overweight, and adiposity. Global overweight was found to be associated with inflammation (OR = 2.23 (1.41-3.53)). Anemia was associated with heavy menstrual bleeding (OR = 1.92 (1.34-2.76)). Homocysteine was associated with inflammation (OR = 2.05 (1.08-3.90)), but not with anemia. In conclusion, anemia in Cuba is classified as a moderate public health problem, but not iron deficiency. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was found, associated with inflammation, but not with anemia or iron deficiency. Heavy menstrual bleeding is a factor associated with anemia.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 1660-4601, 1661-7827eISSN: 1660-4601DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065110Titel-ID: cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10049065
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Adipose tissue, Anemia, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Bleeding, Body weight, C-reactive protein, Chronic illnesses, Cuba - epidemiology, Developing countries, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Female, Ferritin, Ferritins, Glycoproteins, Health care, Hemoglobin, Hemoglobins - analysis, Homocysteine, Humans, Inflammation, Iron, Iron Deficiencies, Iron deficiency anemia, Laboratories, LDCs, Leukocytes, Malnutrition, Menorrhagia - complications, Menstruation, Nutrient deficiency, Nutritional status, Obesity, Obesity - complications, Obesity - epidemiology, Overweight, Overweight - complications, Preschool children, Prevalence, Proteins, Public health, Questionnaires, Receptors, Transferrin, Surveys, Transferrin, Transferrin receptors, Vagina, Variables, Women, Womens health