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To investigate the risk factors of poor prognosis and recurrence in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. A single center, observational cohort study was used to retrospectively analyze 44 patients with anti NMDAR encephalitis hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Beijing Tong Ren Hospital from January 2014 to October 2020. The results showed that the interval from onset to immunotherapy in the poor prognosis group was significantly longer than that in the good prognosis group (
=2.045,
=0.047), and the course of disease in the poor prognosis group was significantly longer than that in the good prognosis group (
=4.127,
=0.000 2). The number of patients with clinical manifestations of dyskinesia was significantly increased (Fisher exact test:
=0.014). The patients with abnormal brain MRI in the poor prognosis group were significantly more than those in the good prognosis group (Fisher exact test:
=0.017), and the patients with slow wave>50% in the poor prognosis group were significantly more than th