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Genomic analysis of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) identifies genes and processes related to high-altitude adaptation
Ist Teil von
Nature genetics, 2016-08, Vol.48 (8), p.947-952
Ort / Verlag
New York: Nature Publishing Group US
Erscheinungsjahr
2016
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Li Yu, Ya-Ping Zhang, Chung-I Wu and colleagues report the
de novo
genome of the black snub-nosed monkey
Rhinopithecus bieti
and the genomic sequences of four other
Rhinopithecus
species, including three high-altitude and two lowland species. The species- and population-level genomic analyses as well as the transcriptomic analysis and functional assays find adaptive signatures associated with adaptation to high altitude.
The snub-nosed monkey genus
Rhinopithecus
includes five closely related species distributed across altitudinal gradients from 800 to 4,500 m.
Rhinopithecus bieti
,
Rhinopithecus roxellana
, and
Rhinopithecus strykeri
inhabit high-altitude habitats, whereas
Rhinopithecus brelichi
and
Rhinopithecus avunculus
inhabit lowland regions. We report the
de novo
whole-genome sequence of
R. bieti
and genomic sequences for the four other species. Eight shared substitutions were found in six genes related to lung function, DNA repair, and angiogenesis in the high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys. Functional assays showed that the high-altitude variant of CDT1 (Ala537Val) renders cells more resistant to UV irradiation, and the high-altitude variants of RNASE4 (Asn89Lys and Thr128Ile) confer enhanced ability to induce endothelial tube formation
in vitro
. Genomic scans in the
R. bieti
and
R. roxellana
populations identified signatures of selection between and within populations at genes involved in functions relevant to high-altitude adaptation. These results provide valuable insights into the adaptation to high altitude in the snub-nosed monkeys.