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Presented in the article is the analysis of the cases of the chronic radiation syndrome (CRS) diagnosed among members of the population exposed for multiple years to radiation due to radioactive contamination of the Techa River. The results of the more than 60-year period of observations have allowed us to assess not only the clinical manifestations of CRS during the period of its formation, but also the efficiency of the restoration processes going on in the human body after chronic radiation exposure, as well as its remote effects. The article discusses the problems of CRS diagnostics and especially its course in the cases of a combined (internal and external) radiation exposure when the red bone marrow becomes a critical organ. The analysis of CRS cases in dynamics for the exposed population characterized by a significant heterogeneity in terms of age, the initial health status and other factors modifying the person's radiosensitivity, allows us to regard the initial stage of CRS as a stereotypic dysregulating pathology.