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The authors draw attention to vacuum mattresses which are a modern appliance for the immobilization of casualties and patients. They present their initial experience with the use of these mattresses during examinations on a computed tomograph, during all-body stereotaxis and minor surgical operations. The material from which the mattress is made allows X-rays to penetrate, therefore it can be used also for immobilization of restless patients and children during X-ray examinations. It is, however, possible to manufacture also various types of vacuum splints for fixation of the extremities after injuries.