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For rational treatment of urinary tract infection it is necessary to know the causative agents. These may be different in various departments of health care institution managing patients with different illnesses. The article presents results of urinary cultures performed in 2002 in Microbiology Laboratory of Vilnius University Children's Hospital. The urine specimens were sent to the Laboratory from all departments of the Hospital. The most common isolate in all departments was E. coli (63.1% of all cultures with growth of >/=10(5) cfu/ml). This organism was somewhat less common in urine specimens obtained from Department of Urology (54.8%); accordingly, species of other organisms were isolated somewhat more often. S. aureus most often was identified in urine specimens from neonatal departments (11.1% of all significant isolates). There were no significant differences in urinary microflora isolated from pediatric in-patients and out-patients. Majority of the strains of the main urinary pathogen, E. coli, showed susceptibility to gentamicin, II-III generation cephalosporins, co-amoxiclav, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. Thus for empirical treatment of urinary tract infection it is necessary to choose an antibiotic with good activity against E. coli. In more complex circumstances (e.g. in children with urinary tract anomalies and in those treated in intensive care units) it would be better to take into account the results of urinary culture and susceptibility testing.