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Fuel cells are discussed, looking at the economic and environmental factors which are driving their development, and the basic principles of fuel cells. The major components of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), namely, electrolyte, anode, interconnect, seals and cathode, are examined in turn. YSZ electrolytes are generally used in combination with Sr-doped LaMnO3 (LSM) and Ni-cermet/YSZ anodes. Aspects examined include production, properties and performance improvements. It is shown that the ceramic powders used in SOFCs will continue to play an important role in enhanced performance and commercialisation. It is concluded that, although fuel cells have been shown to work in space missions and elsewhere, much work has yet to be completed before large-scale commercialisation takes place: production costs must be lowered, technical barriers must be resolved, and uniform testing guidelines and standards must be determined.