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► Extracellular fructofuranosidase from Xanthophyllomyces produces two FOS series. ► Different glycoforms of the fructofuranosidase Xd-INV as neo-FOS producers. ► Neo-FOS production improved 4-fold altering temperature and substrate concentration. ► The largest neo-FOS production reported to date for any single microbial enzyme.
The extracellular β-fructofuranosidase Xd-INV from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous mainly synthesizes the neo-fructooligosaccharides (neo-FOS) neokestose and neonystose. This enzyme is a glycoprotein with a content of 59–67% N-linked carbohydrates and an estimated molecular mass of 160–200kDa. The extent level of glycosylation affects the thermal behaviour of the enzyme but not its hydrolase and transferase activities, which are optimal at 60–70°C. The neo-FOS yield of this enzyme was increased from 40 to 168g/L when the sucrose concentration increased from 420 to 600g/L and when the reaction was carried out at 60°C. The neo-FOS levels obtained (168g/L) in this work are the largest reported for any microbial β-fructofuranosidase.