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Mutations in the
Parkin
,
PINK1
, and
DJ
-
1
genes can cause autosomal recessive early onset Parkinsonism. We studied three families with the mutations of the
Parkin
,
PINK1
and
DJ
-
1
genes, respectively, with a dopamine transporter ligand [
11
C]-CFT positron emission tomography. A marked bilaterally and dissymmetrically decrement of [
11
C]-CFT uptake was found in all these patients, and putamen as well as caudate nucleus was affected. We also found asymptomatic
Parkin
and
PINK1
heterozygotes showed a mild but significant decrement in [
11
C]-CFT uptake, but this phenomenon was not found in the
DJ
-
1
-heterozygotes. Our results suggested the three autosomal recessive forms of early onset are similar to each other on pathophysiological grounds, a sub-clinical disease process in
Parkin
and
PINK1
-heterozygotes, but not in
DJ
-
1
-heterozygotes.