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Endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in disease: albuminuria and increased microvascular permeability
The Journal of pathology, 2012-03, Vol.226 (4), p.562-574
Salmon, Andrew HJ
Satchell, Simon C
2012
Volltextzugriff (PDF)
Details
Autor(en) / Beteiligte
Salmon, Andrew HJ
Satchell, Simon C
Titel
Endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in disease: albuminuria and increased microvascular permeability
Ist Teil von
The Journal of pathology, 2012-03, Vol.226 (4), p.562-574
Ort / Verlag
Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2012
Quelle
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Appreciation of the glomerular microcirculation as a specialized microcirculatory bed, rather than as an entirely separate entity, affords important insights into both glomerular and systemic microvascular pathophysiology. In this review we compare regulation of permeability in systemic and glomerular microcirculations, focusing particularly on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx, and consider the implications for disease processes. The luminal surface of vascular endothelium throughout the body is covered with endothelial glycocalyx, comprising surface‐anchored proteoglycans, supplemented with adsorbed soluble proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and plasma constituents. In both continuous and fenestrated microvessels, this endothelial glycocalyx provides resistance to the transcapillary escape of water and macromolecules, acting as an integral component of the multilayered barrier provided by the walls of these microvessels (ie acting in concert with clefts or fenestrae across endothelial cell layers, basement membranes and pericytes). Dysfunction of any of these capillary wall components, including the endothelial glycocalyx, can disrupt normal microvascular permeability. Because of its ubiquitous nature, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx alters the permeability of multiple capillary beds: in the glomerulus this is clinically apparent as albuminuria. Generalized damage to the endothelial glycocalyx can therefore manifest as both albuminuria and increased systemic microvascular permeability. This triad of altered endothelial glycocalyx, albuminuria and increased systemic microvascular permeability occurs in a number of important diseases, such as diabetes, with accumulating evidence for a similar phenomenon in ischaemia–reperfusion injury and infectious disease. The detection of albuminuria therefore has implications for the function of the microcirculation as a whole. The importance of the endothelial glycocalyx for other aspects of vascular function/dysfunction, such as mechanotransduction, leukocyte–endothelial interactions and the development of atherosclerosis, indicate that alterations in the endothelial glycocalyx may also be playing a role in the dysfunction of other organs observed in these disease states. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sprache
Englisch
Identifikatoren
ISSN: 0022-3417, 1096-9896
eISSN: 1096-9896
DOI: 10.1002/path.3964
Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_919955012
Format
–
Schlagworte
albuminuria
,
Albuminuria - metabolism
,
Albuminuria - pathology
,
Albuminuria - physiopathology
,
Animals
,
Biological and medical sciences
,
Capillaries - metabolism
,
Capillaries - physiopathology
,
Capillaries - ultrastructure
,
Capillary Permeability
,
dengue
,
diabetes
,
diabetic nephropathy
,
Disease Models, Animal
,
endothelium
,
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
,
Endothelium, Vascular - pathology
,
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
,
glomerulus
,
glycocalyx
,
Glycocalyx - metabolism
,
Glycocalyx - ultrastructure
,
Humans
,
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
,
ischaemia-reperfusion injury
,
Kidney Glomerulus - blood supply
,
Kidney Glomerulus - metabolism
,
Kidney Glomerulus - pathology
,
Kidneys
,
Medical sciences
,
Microcirculation
,
Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases
,
Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques
,
permeability
,
proteinuria
,
Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous
,
Urinary tract. Prostate gland
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