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Highlights ► The ERP components N1 and MMN were measured in oddball and random control blocks as well as in a new cascadic control sequence. ► The cascadic control sequence was designed as a conceptual and methodological refinement of previous control approaches. ► We aimed to improve the estimation of N1-specific refractoriness effects in deviants of an oddball block. ► We found the new cascadic control design to be the most reasonable control for oddball deviants. ► The cascadic control design enables the investigation of the MMN without overestimating frequency-specific refractory states.