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► The COMT gene is involved in the physiological response to acute vs. chronic stress. ► Genetic, but not pharmacological, disruption of COMT is linked with greater anxiety. ► Genetic and pharmacological disruption of COMT alters benzodiazepine responsivity.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in regulating brain catecholamine levels, has been implicated in anxiety, pain and/or stress responsivity. Elements of this putative association remain unclarified, notably whether: (a) COMT variation modulates responses to acute and/or chronic stress equally; (b) acute pharmacological inhibition of COMT produces comparable effects on anxiety to that observed after deletion of the COMT gene; (c) COMT genotype modulates action of anxiolytic drugs.
We aimed to further investigate the relationship between reduced COMT function, anxiety and stress responsivity in mice.
To compare the effect of acute vs. chronic restraint stress in female COMT KO vs. WT mice, serum corticosterone and cytokine concentrations were measured [Experiment 1]. Sensitivity to the benzodiazepines midazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the light–dark test was assessed in female COMT KO vs. WT mice [Experiment 2]. Effects of acute administration of the COMT inhibitor tolcapone, and of these same benzodiazepines thereon, in the light–dark test were assessed in female C57BL/6 mice [Experiment 3].
COMT KO mice demonstrated an increased corticosterone response to acute but not chronic stress, and a modified cytokine profile after chronic, but not acute stress. COMT KO mice showed increased anxiety, but benzodiazepine sensitivity was affected by COMT genotype. Whilst tolcapone had no effect on light/dark performance in C57BL6/J mice it decreased benzodiazepine sensitivity.
These data elaborate earlier findings of increased anxiety in female COMT KO mice and also clarify a role for COMT in modulating stress-related hormonal and immune parameters in a manner that depends on chronicity of the stressor.