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To investigate the regulation of 14-3-3 proteins in banana (
Musa acuminata
L. AAA group, cv. Brazilian) fruit postharvest ripening, four cDNAs encoding 14-3-3 proteins were isolated from banana and designated as
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3a
,
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3c
,
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3e
, and
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3i
, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the four 14-3-3 proteins shared a highly conserved core structure and variable C-terminal as well as N-terminal regions with 14-3-3 proteins from other plant species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four 14-3-3 genes belong to the non-ε groups. They were differentially and specifically expressed in various tissues. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that these four genes function differentially during banana fruit postharvest ripening. Three genes,
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3a
,
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3c
, and
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3e
, were significantly induced by exogenous ethylene treatment. However, gene function differed in naturally ripened fruits. Ethylene could induce
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3c
expression during postharvest ripening, but expression patterns of
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3a
and
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3e
suggest that these two genes appear to be involved in regulating ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening. No obvious relationship emerged between
Ma
-
14
-
3
-
3i
expression in naturally ripened and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene)-treated fruit groups during fruit ripening. These results indicate that the 14-3-3 proteins might be involved in various regulatory processes of banana fruit ripening. Further studies will mainly focus on revealing the detailed biological mechanisms of these four 14-3-3 genes in regulating banana fruit postharvest ripening.