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A polymeric acid, poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) (PTAA), was used as a dopant to successfully prepare self-assembled polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures oxidized by ammonium per-sulfate (APS) and FeCl
3
·
6H
2O as the oxidant. The diameter, crystallinity and conductivity of the PANI–PTAA nanostructures were strongly affected by the oxidant. In particular, the diameter of the nanostructures oxidized by FeCl
3
·
6H
2O was measured to be 20–30
nm, which was thinner than that of the nanostructures oxidized by APS (130
nm). The formation mechanism of the nanostructures was also discussed.