Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Walsh, Michael P.

Titel

Vascular smooth muscle myosin light chain diphosphorylation: Mechanism, function, and pathological implications

Ist Teil von

• IUBMB life, 2011-11, Vol.63 (11), p.987-1000

Ort / Verlag

New York: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., a Wiley company

Erscheinungsjahr

2011

Quelle

Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Smooth muscle contraction is activated primarily by phosphorylation at S19 of the 20‐kDa regulatory light chain subunits of myosin II (LC20) catalyzed by Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent myosin light chain kinase. Other kinases, for example, integrin‐linked kinase (ILK), Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK), and zipper‐interacting protein kinase (ZIPK), can phosphorylate T18 in addition to S19, which increases the actin‐activated myosin MgATPase activity at subsaturating actin concentrations ∼3‐fold. These phosphorylatable residues and the amino acid sequence surrounding them are highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom; they are also found in an LC20 homolog within the genome of Monosiga brevicollis, the closest living relative of metazoans. LC20 diphosphorylation has been detected in mammalian vascular smooth muscle tissues in response to specific contractile stimuli and in pathophysiological situations associated with hypercontractility. LC20 diphosphorylation has also been observed frequently in cultured cells where it activates force generation. Kinases such as ILK, ROCK, and ZIPK, therefore, are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of, for example, cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage and atherosclerosis. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(11): 987–1000, 2011