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The unexpected occurrence of an oddball auditory stimulus (novel) among an
otherwise repeated stream of sounds (standards) is known to impact negatively on
participants' performance in an unrelated visual task. The present
study sought to test new predictions emerging from
Parmentier's (2008)
model of distraction by auditory novelty. Participants categorized the direction
of visual arrows preceded by a task-irrelevant sound. Two time intervals between
distractor and target were tested in separate blocks of trials. Rare auditory
novels consisted of the words "left" or
"right", which were either congruent or incongruent with
the upcoming target. The data confirmed the slowing of response in the face of a
novel (novelty distraction) as well as, on incongruent trials, a further delay
due to cross-talk interference between distractor and target (semantic effect).
More importantly, and in line with our predictions, the results further showed
that (1) the semantic effect, but not novelty distraction, increased with the
time interval between distractor and target; and that (2) the production of a
response on the first standard trial following a novel trial was slowed if that
response required the activation of a recently inhibited network (post-novelty
semantic effect). Overall, the data lend support to the view that behavioral
distraction by auditory novelty reflects a mosaic of contributors, the effects
of which can ripple across trials.