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Within the Empirical Studies of Literature the processes of text understanding have mainly been investigated in a quantitative, experimental way. In order to gain insight into the natural complexity of the processes, however, qualitative research which tries to approximate natural processes, and focusses on differences between individual readers rather than on similarities and amplitudinal effects is also needed. The main problems in the analyses of qualitative data are the nature of the verbal material itself and the possible difference between what people really do during reading and their own reconstruction and verbalization of what they did or are doing. In this article a proposal for integration of these difficulties in the analysis is made. Two category systems were developed: one on the level of speech acts, focussing on argumentational structures and the interaction between subject and experimenter, and one for the description of reception strategies and activities as far as they could be derived or inferred from the verbal material. The systems offer a basis for rather precise observations and descriptions of how individual subjects read a certain text and how they speak about it. The systems are applied to a thinking-aloud protocol. The analysis makes visible how the subject deals with what he felt to be strange text features, and how certain patterns of argumentation recur. Moreover, indications were found that the process of verbalization sometimes influences the reception activities: an argumentational structure may, for example elicit observations or reinforce a certain evaluation.