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Speech delivered to Societas Linguistica Europaea, Toledo, 6 Sept 1985. Five issues within contemporary diachronic studies are discussed: typology, iconicity, efficiency, direction, & fuzziness. The problem of P-IE reconstruction is examined & a discussion of the notion of P-IE impurity notes the lack of ground rules for proto-typology. The concept of icon is examined as a primary feature of lang, along with its role in diachronic descriptions & reconstructions. The efficiency of diachronic reconstructions is discussed, & primary & secondary changes in lang development are analyzed. The direction of the evolution of IE langs from a common proto-lang is conjectured & possible affinities between IE, Semitic, & Uralic langs are explored. The concept "fuzzy set algebra" is applied to historical linguistics, & it is argued that the notion of a fuzzy set history in lang is justified. 36 References. Z. Dubiel