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The postwar Toyo kanji reforms were successful in helping very substantially to simplify the writing of ordinary, nonspecialist Japanese texts by restricting the number of kanji in use, their readings, & their form (jitai). In 1981 the Toyo kanji list of 1946 was replaced by the more extensive Joyo kanji list. The compilation of the new list over a period of eight years, & its formal adoption, were the subject of much debate. An account is given of the new list in terms of its development through two draft stages to the final version & its contents & nature, & a comparison with the Toyo kanji list is provided. A summary is given of changes in the Japanese script from 1900 onward. 1 Appendix, 14 References. HA