Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Pandolfi, John M.
• Bradbury, Roger H.
• Sala, Enric
• Hughes, Terence P.
• Bjorndal, Karen A.
• Cooke, Richard G.
• McArdle, Deborah
• McClenachan, Loren
• Marah J. H. Newman
• Paredes, Gustavo
• Warner, Robert R.
• Jeremy B. C. Jackson

Titel

Global Trajectories of the Long-Term Decline of Coral Reef Ecosystems

Ist Teil von

• Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-08, Vol.301 (5635), p.955-958

Ort / Verlag

Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science

Erscheinungsjahr

2003

Quelle

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Degradation of coral reef ecosystems began centuries ago, but there is no global summary of the magnitude of change. We compiled records, extending back thousands of years, of the status and trends of seven major guilds of carnivores, herbivores, and architectural species from 14 regions. Large animals declined before small animals and architectural species, and Atlantic reefs declined before reefs in the Red Sea and Australia, but the trajectories of decline were markedly similar worldwide. All reefs were substantially degraded long before outbreaks of coral disease and bleaching. Regardless of these new threats, reefs will not survive without immediate protection from human exploitation over large spatial scales.