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The Lancet (British edition), 2010-02, Vol.375 (9714), p.606-609
Ort / Verlag
England: Elsevier Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2010
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Between 1990 and 2006, life expectancy at birth plummeted from 62 to 43 years, mostly from increased young adult mortality from HIV-related conditions.12 Mortality rates of children younger than 5 years and infants rose from 77 and 53 per 1000 livebirths in 1992 to 82 and 60 in 2003, respectively.13 Maternal mortality rose from 168 per 100 000 births in 199014 to 725 per 100 000 in 2007.15 Tuberculosis incidence increased from 136 per 100 000 in 1990 to 557 per 100 000 in 2006.16 These indicators are related to the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, which was estimated at 26% in 2000 in adults aged 15-45 years but declined to 15·3% by 2007.4 In 1994, 80·1% of children aged 12-23 months had received all basic vaccines compared with 74·8% in 1999 and only 52·6% in 2006-07.13 By early 2009, hospitals in the country were hardly operating, with massive shortages of essential medicines and supplies.5 Although most hospitals are now functioning again, shortages are still commonplace and patients usually need to buy medicines, intravenous fluids, and sutures. Under the previous government, which was led by Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) party, bilateral donors channelled funds to specific activities such as HIV programmes and family planning. [...]58% of currently married women use modern contraceptive methods,13 and about 100 000 people were receiving antiretroviral treatment by the end of 2007.4 However, antiretroviral treatment coverage at 17% is the lowest of any country in southern Africa, with an estimated 570 000 people needing treatment.4 Furthermore, HIV-positive patients displaced by political violence and those affected by stock-outs of common AIDS medicines or closure of treatment facilities have been unable to re-establish treatment.5 In 2005, Zimbabwe was losing an estimated 20% of its health-care professionals every year; 18 000 nurses have left since 1998.18 Although some heroically continued to work for minimal rewards, by the end of 2008 many had stopped working.