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ER stress and the unfolded protein response in intestinal inflammation
Ist Teil von
American journal of physiology: Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2010-06, Vol.298 (6), p.G820-G832
Ort / Verlag
United States: American Physiological Society
Erscheinungsjahr
2010
Quelle
Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ)
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a phenomenon that occurs when excessive protein misfolding occurs during biosynthesis. ER stress triggers a series of signaling and transcriptional events known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR attempts to restore homeostasis in the ER but if unsuccessful can trigger apoptosis in the stressed cells and local inflammation. Intestinal secretory cells are susceptible to ER stress because they produce large amounts of complex proteins for secretion, most of which are involved in mucosal defense. This review focuses on ER stress in intestinal secretory cells and describes how increased protein misfolding could occur in these cells, the process of degradation of misfolded proteins, the major molecular elements of the UPR pathway, and links between the UPR and inflammation. Evidence is reviewed from mouse models and human inflammatory bowel diseases that ties ER stress and activation of the UPR with intestinal inflammation, and possible therapeutic approaches to ameliorate ER stress are discussed.