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Brain-derived calcium-binding protein S100 induces apoptosis in a significant fraction of rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells.
We used single cell techniques (patch clamp, videomicroscopy and immunocytochemistry) to clarify some of the specific aspects
of S100-induced apoptosis, the modality(ies) of early intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase and the expression of some
classes of genes (c-fos, c-jun, bax, bcl-x, p-15, p-21) known to be implicated in apoptosis of different cells. The results
show that S100: (1) causes an increase of [Ca2+]i due to an increased conductance of L-type Ca2+ channels; (2) induces a sustained
increase of the Fos levels which is evident since the first time point tested (3 h) and remains elevated until to the last
time point (72 h). All these data suggest that S100-derived apoptosis in PC12 cells may be the consequence of a system involving
an increase in L-type Ca2+ channel conductance with consequent [Ca2+]i increase which up-regulates, directly or indirectly,
the expression of Fos.