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A differential paradox: The controversy surrounding the Scottish mental surveys of intelligence and family size
Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, 2007, Vol.43 (2), p.109-134
Ramsden, Edmund
2007
Details
Autor(en) / Beteiligte
Ramsden, Edmund
Titel
A differential paradox: The controversy surrounding the Scottish mental surveys of intelligence and family size
Ist Teil von
Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, 2007, Vol.43 (2), p.109-134
Ort / Verlag
Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Erscheinungsjahr
2007
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
Beschreibungen/Notizen
In 1947, the Scottish Council for Research in Education and the Population Investigation Committee conducted a survey of Scottish schoolchildren, exploring the relations between tested intelligence and fertility. The survey was not only significant for its size, measuring the IQ of all 11‐year‐olds at school on the day of testing, some 80,805 children, but also because it was a repeat survey. Its purpose was to establish whether the intelligence of the population had declined because of the negative correlation between IQ and family size. The paper will explore how the impetus for the 1947 survey came from attempts to revive the fortunes of the eugenics movement, based upon the interdisciplinary study of population. While most expected the study to provide evidence of a decline in intelligence, it revealed an increase. This was in spite of a continuing process of differential fertility. This paper will explore the influence of these results, described as a “paradox,” upon the future development of the eugenics movement and the sciences of population. While for many, the results were seen to have completely, and thankfully, undermined eugenic fears of degeneration, the supposed “resolution” of the paradox in 1962 provided the basis of a meritocratic and optimistic “new eugenics” that sought to reunite social and biological scientists concerned with human betterment in Britain and the United States. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sprache
Englisch
Identifikatoren
ISSN: 0022-5061
eISSN: 1520-6696
DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.20219
Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_70385271
Format
–
Schlagworte
Biological and medical sciences
,
Censuses - history
,
Child
,
Child development
,
Developmental psychology
,
Eugenics - history
,
Family Characteristics
,
Female
,
Fertility
,
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
,
General aspects
,
Genetic engineering
,
Health Surveys
,
History of medicine
,
History, 20th Century
,
Humans
,
Intelligence
,
Intelligence tests
,
Male
,
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
,
Psychology. Psychophysiology
,
Scotland
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