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The clinical efficacy of a systemically administered drug acting on the central nervous system depends on its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier, which is regulated by transporter molecules such as
ABCB1 (MDR1). Here we report that polymorphisms in the
ABCB1 gene predict the response to antidepressant treatment in those depressed patients receiving drugs that have been identified as substrates of
ABCB1 using
abcb1ab double-knockout mice. Our results indicate that the combined consideration of both the medication's capacity to act as an
ABCB1-transporter substrate and the patient's
ABCB1 genotype are strong predictors for achieving a remission. This finding can be viewed as a further step into personalized antidepressant treatment.