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We have studied the morphology and physiology of
retinal ganglion cells of a short-wavelength-sensitive
cone (SWS-cone) pathway in dichromatic and trichromatic
New World anthropoids, the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella)
and tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
In Old World anthropoids, in which males and females are
both trichromats, blue-ON/yellow-OFF retinal ganglion cells
have excitatory SWS-cone and inhibitory middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive
(MWS- and LWS-) cone inputs, and have been anatomically
identified as small-field bistratified ganglion cells (SB-cells)
(Dacey & Lee, 1994). Among retinal ganglion cells of
New World monkeys, we find SB-cells which have very similar
morphology to such cells in macaque and human; for example,
the inner dendritic tree is larger and denser than the
outer dendritic tree. We also find blue-on retinal ganglion
cells of the capuchin to have physiological responses strongly
resembling such cells of the macaque monkey retina; for
example, responses were more sustained, with a gentler
low frequency roll-off than MC-cells, and no evidence of
contrast gain control. There was no difference between
dichromatic and trichromatic individuals. The results support
the view that SWS-cone pathways are similarly organized
in New and Old World primates, consistent with the hypothesis
that these pathways form a phylogenetically ancient color
system.