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The preparation of diene-modified oligonucleotides as well as their properties and further derivatization are described. Self-complementary oligonucleotides containing a diene moiety in the loop region form stable, hairpin-like secondary structures. These hairpin mimics can be further derivatized via the Diels−Alder reaction. Diene modification in the stem region leads, in contrast, to a marked destabilization of the hairpin structure. No further reduction in stability is observed, however, upon conjugation of the stem-modified derivatives via the Diels−Alder reaction with an N-substituted maleimide dienophile.