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The aim of this study is to analyse the acute effect of water-pipe smoking on heart rate, blood pressure and the baroreflex control of heart rate.
Non-invasive continuous methods were used for investigating inter-beat interval (IBI; ms), systolic blood pressure (SBP; mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mm Hg), pulse pressure (PP; mm Hg), mean blood pressure (MBP; mm Hg); baroreflex sensitivity in ms/mm Hg (BRS) and baroreflex sensitivity in Hz/mm Hg (BRS
f), were determined by spectral analysis, in 20 normotensive volunteers age of 27
±
6 years (mean
±
S.D.) who served as their own control. The measurements were taken twice. The first measurement was taken before the water-pipe smoking session (this is after >
12 h of smoking cessation with a complete stopping of alcohol, coffee or tea consumption). The second measurement was taken during a 5 min period immediately after that session. (In the smoking session the volunteer smokes 5 g Maassel (fruit flavoured tobacco) for a period of 45 min).
The inter-beat interval decreased (846
±
100 to 709
±
109 ms,
p
=
0.0003), SBP increased (110
±
13 to 123
±
12 mm Hg,
p
=
0.004), DBP increased (67
±
11 to 81
±
11 mm Hg,
p
=
0.0002), PP decreased (43
±
10 to 41
±
9 mm Hg,
p
=
0.46
ns), MBP increased (82
±
10 to 95
±
11 mm Hg,
p
=
0.0001), BRS decreased (9.16
±
4 to 5.67
±
3 ms/mm Hg,
p
=
0.003) and BRS
f (0.013
±
0.005 to 0.011
±
0.004 Hz/mm Hg,
p
=
0.3
ns).
Water-pipe smoking induced a high increase in heart rate, SBP, DBP, MBP and markedly impaired BRS. All of those markers are known as risk factors in cardiovascular diseases, hence it is concluded that water-pipe smoking is not as harmless as is thought.