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On the History of the Distinction between Natural Sciences and "Social Sciences"
Ist Teil von
Toplum ve bilim, 1998-01 (76), p.7-40
Erscheinungsjahr
1998
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Sociological Abstracts
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Elaborates the history of the problematic of social sciences in terms of the dichotomy between universalism & particularism. The modern age is characterized by the hegemony of universalistic scientificism based on the positivist/pragmacist/technicist paradigm, which makes the usage of the concept of "social sciences" possible. Here, traditional universalist understanding of nomothetism is criticized with reference to the particularistic discourse. According to idiographic tradition, history, society, & culture are not homogeneous & should be scrutinized in their own particularities & uniqueness. Currently, natural sciences & the sciences of history & society have reached a consensus on the issue of the uncertain, unique, unpredictable, & chaotic character of their subjects. Epistemology based on subject-object distinction becomes invalid when investigating history & society, & should be replaced by an epistemology based on the relation between intersubjective subject & intersubjective object. This approach would regenerate the universitas ideal that has been damaged by the hegemony of applied sciences with the transformation of universities to agents of a capitalist market economy. The contemporary university system of Turkey is criticized, & the strengthening of the tradition of Geisteswissenschaften (arts & humanities) is suggested to establish a more egalitarian relation with other cultures & to challenge the hegemony of scientificism. 40 References. Adapted from the source document.