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A collection of 7 essays on the theme of man's conceptualizations of technology, preceded by a Foreword & an Introduction to the 2nd Ed. Premessa (Foreword), points out that these essays were originally written for the 3rd Program of the Italian Radio. (1) L'Idea Illuministica di Progresso (The Enlightened Idea of Progress), discusses 4 conceptualizations of progress: as rational res, as anti-traditionalism, as a revolutionary idea, & as an individualist perspective, referring to titles in European philosophy & the history of thought. (2) La Crisi dell'Individuo (The Crisis of the individual), deals with the faith in natural man as it arose out of the ideal of the Renaissance, the consequent idea of the 19th cent individual as autonomous & self-sufficient, sci as mysticism, & progress as a problematic human enterprise which restored man's initiative, which is esp vulnerable to corruption & failure, & dominated by uncertainty & fear. (3) Problema delta Tecnica (The Problem of Technology), examines the anti-machine protests of pre-technological & paleo-technological groups, mythic bourgeois anti-machine sentiments, & - the polemic between K. Marx & P. Proudhon re the solution of the question of SC. It is suggested that from the beginning technology was viewed as corrupting & decadent, as leading to the corruption of noble values & as giving power to the primitive. (4) Tecnologia total/sum Sviluppo Sociale (Technology and Social Development), further studies technology conceived of as a cumulative process & a process of rationalization (K. Marx. mechanization in relation to 'noble values' as dealt with by T. Veblen, & the scientistic error of the 'discipline of the machine.' (5) Tradizione total/sum Ragione nella Societa Industriale (Tradition and Reason in Industrial Society), is concerned with industr'ization as a global process & its rupture of the traditional SE routine, existential time vs mechanical time, the logic of mass production, & the sci'fic org of work. (6) Uomo, Massa, Valori (Man, Mass, Values), considers the rationalized business enterprise as a meta-pol'al revolution, the limits of the entrepreneurial spirit, the relationship between technical efficiency & power, & the passage from an administration of things to decision-making about men in the sci'fic org of labor. (7) L'Ambiguita delta Tecnica (The Ambiguity of Technology). explores the need for a global formulation of the ideas on technology, under special reference to K. Marx's conception & the view of technology as formal rationality, & then points out the necessity for a new conception of development & progress-one that goes beyond the classic dichotomy of practice theory & returns to the ideas of J. J. Rousseau. Between the 2 extremes of integrated man & machine man there are many possibilities for historical evolution. APPENDIX: (1) Burocrazia total/sum Socialismo (Bureaucracy and Socialism), is a reprint from Mondo Economico (Economic World), 15, Dec 22, 1956 & Jan 5, 1957. The workers' protests of Warsaw, Budapest, & Poznan are discussed. It is seen that trade unionism is being rediscovered in socialist countries & the protests are placed in the light of the Marxist conception of unionism, the relations between unions & party, the crisis of the party, the insufficiency of soc reforms, 'Leviathan' industr'ization, & socialism in relation to workers' initiative. (2) La Ricerca Sociale total/sum l'Industria in Europa (Social Research and Industry in Europe), synthesizes the principal ideas which emerged during the debates at the Internat'l Convention on Soc Res org'ed by the European Agency for Productivity in Paris from Jul 8-10, 1959. The actual stand of soc res in European countries is reviewed, with particular attention to industr psychol & sociol, & areas for future res are mapped out. A Bibliog; no Index. NI. Maxfield.