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Rivista di Sociologia, 1976-01, Vol.14 (1 -- 3), p.61-106
Erscheinungsjahr
1976
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Sociological Abstracts
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Examined is the general framework of the sociological theory developed by J. Ortega y Gasset on the basis of research into the fundamental structure of society & its dynamic laws. Ortega aimed to synthesize into a single model Heidegger's existentialism, Durkheim's sociology, & Dilthey's historicism. Ortega was concerned with the relationship between individual & collective life & saw behavioral norms as furnishing the individual with a scheme for action & solving the problems of existence. Collective beliefs (or institutionalized ideas) served to create a homogeneous mentality which made is possible for individuals to communicate & cooperate. The state, as institutionalization of political leadership, acquired legitimacy only in the degree to which it was supported by a consensus of PO. Ortega maintained that each new generation added new values & new behavioral models to its social heritage & thus, society continuously changed. He emphasized the creative & innovative role of select minorities or "aristocratic" intellectual & moral elites, whom he saw as agents of historical change. History itself, however, proceeded under a perpetual dialectic between elites & masses. Ortega's theory was not antidemocratic, but constituted a rigorous attempt to achieve a theoretical foundation for a realistic conceptualization of democracy. It is therefore a healthy lecture in political realism & a critique of liberal bigotry. AA Tr & Modified by S. Whittle.