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Many countries of Central & Eastern Europe have recently (re-)created a subnational regional level of administration in the context of public administration reforms & accession to the European Union. The article studies whether & to what extent regionalization has created or supported regional autonomy in the 15 countries of the region. The constitutional status of regional administrative bodies, their institutional set-up in relation to central state administration, & their endowment of competences & resources are analyzed. Differences in the decentralization of revenues & expenditures as well as in the mode of electing regional/local chief executives display a North-South pattern of regionalization. The articles identify three explanatory factors for the degree & pattern of regionalization: progress & problems in transforming the role & tasks of the state, the political salience of real or perceived regionalism & EU expectations in the accession process. The chances & challenges posed by regionalization to democracy in Central & Eastern Europe are discussed in a concluding section. 5 Tables, 4 Figures. Adapted from the source document.