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This chapter reviews the trends and drivers of open innovation and the advantages and disadvantages of greater openness. It analyses open innovation in relation to other factors, such as user-driven innovation, open source innovation, the role of lead markets, intellectual property rights, and the broader national innovation system framework. It discusses the link between globalisation and open innovation in light of the emergence of global innovation networks. Companies increasingly set up R&D facilities in other countries and initiate technology collaborations abroad to get access to knowledge in local centres of excellence. The diversity of global innovation networks, differences not only between industries but also between modes of open innovation, is also discussed.