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The influence of heavy metals on the polymorphs of dicalcium silicate in the belite-rich clinkers produced from electroplating sludge
Ist Teil von
Journal of hazardous materials, 2009-10, Vol.170 (1), p.443-448
Ort / Verlag
Netherlands: Elsevier B.V
Erscheinungsjahr
2009
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
The purpose of this study is to utilize an electroplating sludge for belite-rich clinker production and to observe the influence of heavy metals on the polymorphs of dicalcium silicate (C
2S). Belite-rich clinkers prepared with 0.5–2% of NiO, ZnO, CuO, and Cr
2O
3 were used to investigate the individual effects of the heavy metals in question. The Reference Intensity Ratio (RIR) method was employed to determine the weight fractions of γ-C
2S and β-C
2S in the clinkers, and their microstructures were examined by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that nickel, zinc, and chromium have positive effects on β-C
2S stabilization (Cr
3+
>
Ni
2+
>
Zn
2+), whereas copper has a negative effect. The addition of up to 10% electroplating sludge did not have any negative influence on the formation of C
2S. It was observed that γ-C
2S decreased while β-C
2S increased with a rise in the addition of the electroplating sludge. Moreover, nickel and chromium mainly contributed to stabilizing β-C
2S in the belite-rich clinkers produced from the electroplating sludge.