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This chapter reviews the various aspects of radiation use efficiency (RUE). Topics that are covered include theoretical analyses, experimental determination and measures, and sources of variability. Crop growth rate (dm/dt) could be readily estimated from successive harvests through the growing season. The studies that examined theoretically the nature of RUE will be reviewed. These theoretical studies help to give a background and framework for evaluating potential sources of variation in experimental measures of RUE. Specifically, theoretical studies help to identify variations in the environment and crops that might influence RUE. The various experimental measures of RUE are also discussed. RUE was calculated based on differing leaf photosynthetic rates of various crop species and varying levels of solar radiation. The chapter compares RUE reported for various species and experiments. The focus is particularly on data collected under optimum, usually control conditions, to compare observations on potential RUE from each study. The collection of a baseline of potential RUE data could serve as a useful reference in developing a realistic perspective on the upper limits of RUE that might be reasonably expected for individual crop species.