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Association of the C3953T (rs1143634) variant of the interleukin 1 beta gene with the features of a complicated course of COVID-19-associated pneumonia
Background
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 plays an important role in severe COVID-19. A change in IL-1 production may be associated with a mutation in the
IL1Β
gene. Our study analyzed the impact of the
IL1Β
gene variants (rs1143634) on disease progression in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, taking into account treatment strategies.
Methods and results
The study enrolled 117 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The
IL1Β
gene variants were identified using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In the group of patients, the following genotype frequencies were found based on the investigated rs1143634 variant of the
IL1Β
gene: CC–65.8%, CT–28.2%, and TT–6.0%. Our results showed that the group of patients with the T allele of the
IL1Β
gene had higher leukocyte counts (p = 0.040) and more pronounced lymphopenia (p = 0.007). It was determined that patients carrying the T allele stayed on ventilators significantly longer (p = 0.049) and required longer treatment with corticosteroids (p = 0.045).
Conclusion
Identifying variants of the
IL1Β
gene can be used as a predictive tool for assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Further research with a larger patient cohort is required to validate these findings.