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Public Health Legal Protections in an Era of Artificial Intelligence
Ist Teil von
American journal of public health (1971), 2024-06, Vol.114 (6), p.559-563
Ort / Verlag
United States: American Public Health Association
Erscheinungsjahr
2024
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
PAIS Index
Beschreibungen/Notizen
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PITFALLS The publications of an open letter in March 2023 and a brief statement in May signed by industry and tech leaders, academics, and researchers spotlighted catastrophic risks accompanying developing AI technologies 2 The signatories called for a sustained pause on large AI model development, citing concerns about "an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds. Global assessments, such as the World Health Organization's 2021 report on AI in health care, are already outdated and lack enforcement mechanisms.12 The European Union's (EU's) Artificial Intelligence Act, proposed in 2021 and expected to be finalized in 2024, may be the first comprehensive governance mechanism for regulating Al.13 Framing product regulation rather than human rights, the act would generally prohibit "unacceptable risk" of vaguely defined AI technologies "considered to be a clear threat to people's safety, livelihoods and rights. Regulatory objectives outlined in the executive order include (1 ) processes to mitigate AI adoption risks among more than 30 federal entities, (2) equity and civil rights considerations concerning criminal justice and government programs administration, (3) consumer protections and worker support, and (4) US global regulatory leadership and innovation.16 The executive order legitimizes Federal Trade Commission jurisdiction over AI based on existing statutory authorities, including antitrust and anticompetitiveness.17 On November 1,2023, Vice President Kamala Harris announced the US AI Safety Institute, which operationalized the National Institute of Standards and Technology AI Risk Management Framework to enforce previous voluntary guidelines and best practices.17 The Department of Health and Human Services and the FDA have committed to patients' safety and health while supporting AI innovations.18 Accommodating these potentially divergent interests is complicated. Bills in California, for example, seek to address mental health risks and prohibit health insurance discrimination associated with AI uses.20 Alabama, Hawaii, Newjersey, and Vermont have established novel agencies or departments to assess AI and craft future policies and procedures 20 State-by-state approaches could undermine uniform national regulatory responses called for by the President and Congress.