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Vitellogenin is an egg-yolk precursor protein which is manufactured in the liver and transported by the blood to developing oocytes in the gonads. Experiments were carried out on the effect of cadmium on this process in female flounders (Pleuronectes americanus) exposed to 25 or 50 ug cadmium per litre for 71 d. Both hepatosomatic indices and serum vitellogenin levels (measured as alkali-labile phosphate) were adversely affected by cadmium, as also were gonadosomatic indices. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. At the end of the experiment, livers of the exposed fish contained 2-5 ug cadmium per g, which was similar to the concentrations found in some wild-caught flounders. This could reduce the overall reproductive success of this process. There are 31 references.