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Currently, the storage of coal gasification slag (CGS) is continuously increasing, as the coal gasification technology develops, posing significant environmental hazards. Due to its volcanic ash characteristics and rich residual carbon, CGS has great potential for resource utilization, which has attracted the attentions of many scholars. This paper firstly introduces the compositions and properties of CGS. Then, it reviews the existing utilization methods of CGS, including Preparation of building materials, carbon-ash separation technology, ecological restoration, and cyclic blending. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are compared. Subsequently, some high-value utilization methods of coal gasification slag are introduced, such as the preparation of high-performance activated carbon and zeolite, of which the feasibility and advantages are evaluated. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for future developing technologies. This paper aims to provide some references and inspiration for the utilization and environmental protection of CGS.